Prescription drug abuse among teenagers is a growing public health concern. Many teens misuse medications that were not prescribed to them or take their prescriptions in ways not intended by a doctor.
This article explores why teens abuse prescription drugs, the most commonly abused medications, the consequences, warning signs, and strategies for prevention and intervention.
Why Teens Abuse Prescription Drugs
You might believe prescription drug abuse is safer than using illegal substances since doctors prescribe these medications. This common misconception fuels teen drug use and puts you at risk of serious health problems.
The role of peer pressure in your teen’s substance abuse is significant and multifaceted. They are particularly vulnerable to the influence of their peers as they seek acceptance, identity, and social belonging. They may engage in substance use to avoid rejection, gain approval, or emulate admired friends, often underestimating the risks involved.
Also, the desire for better grades can lead you toward stimulants, hoping to boost focus and productivity or improve academic performance. For some, prescription drugs become a way to self-medicate for anxiety or depression. Others use them to escape emotional or physical pain or simply out of curiosity and the desire to experiment.
Access plays a role in the abuse of these medications. Prescription drugs can be easier to obtain than illegal street drugs because they are often found in family medicine cabinets or shared among friends.
Opioids (Pain Relievers)
Opioids are among the most commonly abused prescription drugs by teenagers. These medications, such as oxycodone (OxyContin), hydrocodone (Vicodin), and meperidine (Demerol), are prescribed to treat pain. Opioids work by attaching to receptors in the brain and spinal cord to block pain signals.
Millions have misused pain relievers for everything from self-medicating injuries to seeking a high. When abused, opioids can produce feelings of euphoria, leading to addiction. Abuse of opioids can cause mood and behavior changes, impaired thinking, slowed breathing, coma, and even death. The risk increases significantly when opioids are combined with alcohol or other depressants.
Central Nervous System Depressants (Tranquilizers and Sedatives)
Central nervous system (CNS) depressants, including tranquilizers and sedatives like diazepam (Valium), alprazolam (Xanax), and phenobarbital (Luminal), are also frequently abused by teens. These drugs are prescribed to treat anxiety, panic attacks, seizures, and sleep disorders. They work by slowing brain activity, producing a calming or drowsy effect.
While they are prescribed for genuine medical issues, sedatives quickly become risky when used without supervision or in higher doses. Abuse can lead to confusion, poor coordination, slowed breathing, and, in severe cases, death, especially when combined with other substances like alcohol or opioids. Withdrawal from CNS depressants can cause seizures and other serious health issues.
Even though addiction rates are relatively low, the risks are serious. Storing prescription drugs securely and teaching teens about these dangers helps prevent misuse.
Stimulants
Stimulants such as Ritalin and Adderall are prescribed primarily for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and certain sleep disorders. These drugs increase brain activity, resulting in heightened alertness, attention, and energy.
You might notice how common it is for teens to misuse these prescription drugs in hopes of enhancing academic performance or staying alert. However, abusing these medications can cause heart problems, seizures, paranoia, panic attacks, and violent behavior. The risks are heightened when stimulants are mixed with other substances, including over-the-counter cold medicines.
Our stimulant addiction treatment in Utah addresses the complex challenges faced by teens abusing substances like Adderall or Ritalin. The treatment combines evidence-based therapies with life skills development and academic support, all within a safe, structured environment.
Over-the-Counter (OTC) Medications
You might think OTC medicines are harmless, but abuse of these drugs is a real and growing problem among teens. Cough syrups containing dextromethorphan (DXM) are commonly misused to achieve a high.
Teens commonly take higher-than-recommended doses or mix OTC drugs with other substances for more potent effects. However, misusing OTC medications can bring on serious side effects such as hallucinations, impaired motor function, and even seizures or death.
Because many teens see OTC medicines as safer alternatives to illicit drugs, the risk of abuse and dependency only increases.
Consequences of Prescription Drug Abuse
Medically, abusing prescription drugs such as painkillers, stimulants, or sedatives can lead to life-threatening outcomes, including overdose, respiratory failure, heart attack, or stroke. These risks increase dramatically when prescription drugs are combined with alcohol or other substances.
The developing adolescent brain is especially vulnerable to damage. Misuse can trigger or worsen mental health issues like depression, anxiety, and psychosis, while also increasing the risk of addiction and long-term dependency.
Academically, teens struggling with prescription drug abuse often see their grades decline and attendance drop, making them more likely to drop out of school. Cognitive impairments and lack of motivation make it difficult for them to succeed academically.
Socially, substance abuse leads to isolation, loss of interest in activities, and damaged relationships with peers and family.
Prescription drug misuse during adolescence increases the likelihood of other risky behaviors, such as unsafe sex or driving under the influence. It also raises the risk of progressing to other forms of substance abuse in adulthood.
Warning Signs of Prescription Drug Abuse in Teens
As a parent, you should be alert to warning signs that may indicate prescription drug abuse, including:
- Mood swings, irritability, or unusual behavior changes
- Poor coordination, slurred speech, or drowsiness
- Changes in sleeping or eating patterns
- Declining academic performance or loss of interest in activities
- Secretive behavior, lying, or stealing medications
- Sudden financial problems or missing valuables
- Physical symptoms such as nausea, confusion, or irregular heartbeat
- Requesting early prescription refills or taking higher doses than prescribed
Prevention and Intervention Strategies
Preventing prescription drug abuse among teens requires a multifaceted approach:
- Education: Inform teens about the dangers of misusing prescription and OTC drugs and dispel myths about their safety.
- Secure medications: Keep prescription drugs locked up and dispose of unused medications properly to reduce access.
- Open communication: Encourage honest conversations about drug use, peer pressure, and healthy coping mechanisms.
- Role modeling: Adults should model responsible medication use and healthy stress management.
- Professional help: If abuse is suspected, seek help from healthcare providers, counselors, or substance abuse specialists early to prevent addiction.
- School and community programs: Support programs that promote drug-free lifestyles and provide resources for teens and families.
Having a substance abuse intervention with your teen is a delicate but crucial step toward helping them overcome addiction and regain control of their life. Preparing for the intervention involves researching appropriate treatment options tailored for adolescents, assembling a supportive group of trusted family or professionals, and choosing a calm, private setting to foster open communication. During the intervention, it’s vital to approach your teen with empathy, using “I” statements to express concern without blame, focusing on specific behaviors and their impact rather than attacking character.
Final Thoughts from White River Academy
If you are a parent, it is crucial to understand the serious risks of prescription drug abuse. At White River Academy, our comprehensive therapeutic program helps adolescent boys who are struggling with addiction. Our approach integrates therapy, life skills training, and academic support tailored to meet each teenager’s unique needs. We guide the youth to build emotional stability, improve communication, and develop the tools needed to make healthy, positive choices in life.
